How to extend the life of incandescent bulbs
The service life of an incandescent lamp varies widely, because it depends on many factors: on the quality of the connections in the wiring and the lamp, on the stability of the nominal voltage, on the presence or absence of mechanical influences on the lamp, shocks, impacts, vibrations, the ambient temperature, the type of switch used and the rate of rise of the current value when power is applied to the lamp. During long-term operation of an incandescent lamp, its filament under the influence of high heating temperature gradually evaporates, decreases in diameter and breaks down (burns out). The higher the heating temperature of the filament, the more light the lamp emits. In this case, the process of evaporation of the filament takes place more intensively and the life of the lamp is reduced. Therefore, for lamps with a filament, such a temperature of the filament is set, at which the necessary luminous power of the lamp and a certain duration of its operation are provided. The average burning time of an incandescent lamp at rated voltage does not exceed 1000 hours. After 750 hours of burning, the luminous flux is reduced by an average of 15%. Incandescent lamps are very sensitive to even relatively small voltage spikes: with a voltage increase of only 6%, the service life is cut in half. For this reason, the incandescent lamps that illuminate the stairwells often burn out, because at night the electrical network is not heavily loaded and the voltage increases. In one of the German cities there is a lantern with one of the first incandescent lamps screwed into it. She is more than 100 years old. But it was made with a huge margin of safety, so it still burns. Nowadays, incandescent light bulbs are produced in large quantities, but with a very small margin of safety. The inrush current that occurs when lighting is turned on often destroys the bulb due to its low resistance in the cold state. Therefore, when the lighting is turned on, the bulb must be warmed up with a low current and then turned on at full power. An incandescent lamp fails, as a rule, when turned on due to the low resistance of the cold filament. Let's look at some tricks to extend the life of incandescent bulbs.
Reading the rated voltage Currently, the industry produces incandescent lamps that indicate not one voltage (127 or 220 V), but a range of voltages (125 ... 135, 215 ... 225, 220 ... 230, 230 ... 240 V) ... In each range lamp with an incandescent filament gives a good luminous flux and is quite durable. The presence of several ranges is explained by the fact that the operating voltage in the network differs from the nominal: at the power source (substation) it is higher, and far from the power source it is lower. In this regard, in order for the lamps to serve for a long time and shine well, it is necessary to correctly choose the necessary range. It is obvious that if the voltage in your apartment network is 230 V, then there is no point in buying and installing incandescent lamps with a range of 215 ... 225 V. Such lamps work with overheating and will not last long - they burn out prematurely. Effect of Vibration on Lamp Life Incandescent bulbs that operate with vibration and shock are more likely to fail than those that operate at rest. If you need to use the media, you better move it to the off state. Preventing the cartridge where the lamps burn out frequently
Sometimes it happens that the same lamp burns out in a chandelier, and when the lamp works, the cartridge is very hot. In this case, it is necessary to clean and bend the central and side contacts, tighten the contact connections of the wires suitable for the cartridge. It is recommended that all lamps be installed in the chandelier with the same wattage. Using a diode to protect the lamp It is very profitable to turn on incandescent lamps through a diode on the stairwells of houses, since the quality of lighting in this case is not significant, and the lamps, as experience shows, serve for years. And if you manage to "attach" a resistor in series with the diode, then you can usually forget about the incandescent lamp on the site.
Advices.For a 25 W incandescent lamp, it is enough to use a 50 ohm resistor of the MLT type