The impact of electrical installations on the environment

Environmental aspects, in particular the impact of electrical installations on the environment, is one of the most important issues in the energy sector. Any electrical installation in one way or another has a negative impact on the environment, including living creatures — from insects to humans. Consider what negative effects electrical installations have on the environment and the main measures that are taken to eliminate their negative impact.

Energy is included as a subsystem in the global system of the country's life. The development and life of society are currently impossible without energy, which determines the progress of the entire national economy. However, when considering the benefits of energy, it is also necessary to consider the negative impact of energy on the environment. All manifestations of the harmful impact that various electrical objects have on the environment can be divided into groups:

1.Air, water and soil pollution from fuel combustion waste in TPP power plants in the form of gases, ash, sulfur, etc. released into the air, soil and water and from the discharge of used radioactive substances in nuclear power plants. To reduce this, the best fuels and special purification equipment (electrofilters, etc.) must be used.

2. Release of unused energy to the environment in the form of heat from waste gases and heating of cooling water.

3. Influence of the electromagnetic field on living organisms.

4. Increase in noise.

5. Withdrawal from land and water use.

6. Aesthetic impact of lines.

One of the most important environmental aspects is the protection of a person from the factors of negative influence of electrical installations. First of all, it is such a negative impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body.

In this case, the main measure is aimed at preventing negative exposure to electromagnetic fields, is a reduction in the time spent by a person in the zone of influence of an electric field. In electrical installations with a voltage of 110 kV and more, where the strength of the electric field exceeds the established standards, special protective shielding sets are used.

In addition, the electromagnetic field of high-voltage overhead power lines has a significant impact on the human body. Therefore, the construction of residential buildings and other buildings and structures in the power line security zone is prohibited. It is also recommended to eliminate or minimize the time a person spends in close proximity to high voltage lines.

Another factor for the negative impact of electrical installations on the human body is electric shock, as well as the thermal effect of an electric arc... The main concern is human safety in connection with electric shock in electrical installations. In this case, the main measures aimed at preventing accidents in electrical installations are:

— compliance with safety rules and labor protection regulations;

— the use of the necessary means of protection;

— timely detection, elimination of malfunctions and other deviations from the normal operation of the equipment;

— improvement of jobs;

— improvement of working conditions.

The impact of harmful substances on people should also be noted. For example, in electrical switchgear equipped with Circuit breakers SF6, there is a possibility of SF6 gas poisoning due to leakage from a faulty breaker.

Another example is a lead acid battery. In this case, sulfuric acid is especially dangerous, which can get on the human skin or in the respiratory tract.

The next environmental aspect is death of birds on power lines and in open distribution substations… A large number of birds die every year as a result of electrocution. To prevent the death of birds on power lines, special devices are installed on the poles that prevent birds from landing on them.

In open switchgear of substations, high-voltage outputs of power transformers, line inputs to closed switchgear and other items of equipment pose a particular danger to birds.In this case, in order to prevent the death of birds, mesh fences, casings are installed on the equipment elements, where the death of birds most often occurs.

During operation of electrical installations Perhaps environmental pollution with harmful substances... This can be: electrolyte, transformer oil and other petroleum products, household waste and other harmful substances.

In order to prevent environmental pollution, it is necessary to strictly follow the regulations and instructions for the operation of the equipment, the rules for working with hazardous substances, etc., to store waste and hazardous substances in specially designated places.

Electromagnetic fields from electrical installations have some effect on insects and plants. In the area of ​​influence of the electric field, insects and butterflies develop uncharacteristic signs of behavior, bees have a significant reduction in productivity, and are also likely to lose their queens.

Plants that grow along power lines, as well as on the territory of electrical installations, may experience developmental abnormalities: the appearance of additional petals, a change in the size of flowering, stems, leaves.