Mechanical damage to electric motors

The processes occurring in an electrical machine are interconnected and complex and lack clarity. Troubleshooting an electric car is often a complex process.

The article provides recommendations for identifying and eliminating mechanical failures in electrical machines. To use the information below, you need to know machine design and operation, this will help to understand the reasons for its malfunction. It is also necessary to develop the ability to draw conclusions about the reasons for this from the signs of malfunction of an electrical machine.

Rocking engine housing

1. Loose foundation bolts are the most common cause of this engine shaking. Bolts loosen with prolonged use. Periodically it is necessary to tighten them.

2. Excessive tension on the pulley belt bends the shaft and therefore causes the engine to shake. The belt should loosen.If it then begins to slip, then it is necessary to check the gear ratio (the ratio of the diameters of the drive and driven rollers).

This ratio should be no more than 1: 6. If it turns out to be more, then you need to resort to a tension roller, or a gear, or an intermediate gear. A shaft that is already bent is best replaced with a new one - attempts to straighten it are usually useless, turning rarely helps.

3. Insufficient balance of the rotating parts of the electric motor — anchor, roller, clutch, etc. This is a fault of the power plant. It can be assumed in the case that the machine continues to shake despite troubleshooting points 1 and 2.

2. Excessive bearing heating. The temperature of the bearing should not exceed 70 ° C. Among the malfunctions that cause excessive friction in the bearing and exceed this temperature, some are in the bearing itself, and the cause of them is poor design or poor maintenance, while others are due to causes outside the bearing. First of all, the bending of the shaft causes not only the shaking of the electric motor, but also the heating of the bearing.

In addition, we note:

4. Defective condition of the shaft slides. They may be worn or scratched. They must be ground and sanded with sandpaper.

5. Misalignment of bearing axles due to inaccurate installation. It is necessary to check and align their installation and cut the linings.

The main malfunctions in the bearing itself are the following:

1. Lubrication is insufficient:

• the wrong brand of oil was taken;

• the oil is clogged with dust;

• the grease channels are blocked or too narrow in the bushings.

A good motor oil should not be too thick and at the same time sufficiently viscous. Therefore, for example, transformer oil not suitable for bearings — not viscous enough. The cylinder is also not suitable - it is too thick. But gradually each oil thickens and becomes resinous. From time to time it should be replaced with fresh.

When the oil is drained, it is necessary to flush the bearing with kerosene, continuing to flush until completely clean kerosene begins to pour out. Only then can fresh oil be poured. Protect the bearing from ingress of dust by sealing its cover if necessary. Clogged or too narrow lubrication channels must be cleaned or enlarged.

2. The headphones are defective:

• worked together;

• too tight for the shaft necks;

• too tight;

• their surface is scratched or clogged.