Types of testing of electrical equipment

The purpose of testing electrical equipment — checking compliance with the required technical characteristics, establishing the absence of defects, obtaining initial data for subsequent preventive tests, as well as studying the operation of the equipment. There are the following types of tests:

1) typical;

2) control;

3) acceptance certificates;

4) operative;

5) special.

Type tests of new equipment, which differs from the existing one in terms of design, materials or technological process adopted in its manufacture, are carried out by the manufacturer in order to verify compliance with all requirements for equipment of this type, standards or specifications.

Control tests each product (machine, apparatus, device, etc.) Evidence tests are carried out according to a reduced (compared to standard tests) program.

Acceptance tests After the installation is completed, all newly introduced equipment is subjected to an assessment of its suitability for use.

Work equipment, including those that have not been repaired, are subject to operational tests, the purpose of which is to verify its operability. Operational tests are tests during major and ongoing repairs and preventive tests that are not related to recalling the equipment for repair.

Special tests are carried out for scientific and other purposes under special programs.

Programs (as well as norms and methods) for type and routine tests installed by GOST for the relevant equipment. The scope and norms of acceptance tests are determined by the «Rules for the installation of electrical installations». Operational tests are carried out in accordance with «Standards for testing electrical equipment» and «Rules for technical operation of electrical installations of consumers». In the process of acceptance and operational tests, it is necessary to additionally take into account the requirements of factory and departmental instructions.

A certain amount of test work is common when setting up various elements of electrical installations. Such works include inspection of electrical circuits, inspection and testing of insulation, etc.

Checking the electrical circuits

Checking the electrical circuits includes:

1) familiarization with design switching schemes, both basic (complete) and installation, as well as a cable magazine;

2) verification of the compliance of the installed equipment and apparatus with the project;

3) checking and verifying the compliance of the installed wires and cables (brand, material, section, etc.) with the project and the current rules;

4) checking the presence and correctness of the marking on the end fittings of wires and cable cores, terminal blocks, terminals of devices;

5) checking the quality of the installation (reliability of contact connections, laying of wires on panels, laying of cables, etc.);

6) checking the correctness of the installation of circuits (continuity);

7) checking live electrical circuits.

The primary and secondary switching circuits are fully checked during acceptance tests after the installation of the electrical installation is completed. With preventive testing, the scope of the switching test is significantly reduced. Errors in the installation or other deviations from the design found during the inspection process are eliminated by the regulators or installers (depending on the volume and nature of the work). Major changes and deviations from the project are permissible only after their agreement with the design organization. All changes must be shown on the drawings.