Battery chargers

Use for charging, charging and formation of batteries special chargers providing the necessary charging mode and meeting special requirements due to the varying voltage of the battery during charging.

Semiconductor units and rotary converters - motor-generators are used as chargers.

Semiconductor rectifiers

The most widespread are the rectifier assemblies based on semiconductors, installed in cabinets with electronic protection and automatic voltage regulation and stabilization of the charging current.

The efficiency of semiconductor rectifiers of various types is in the range of 0.7-0.9. The power factor is 0.68-0.8.

Modern chargers must provide protection against short-circuiting of the rectified current terminals, protection against incorrect switching of the + and - terminals of the battery to the opposite poles of the device, automatic stabilization of the charging current when the supply voltage varies up to ± 10% of the nominal value .

All semiconductor rectifiers are connected to the supply voltage network through power transformers, which ensures the safety of the installation and excludes the entry of alternating current network potential into the rectified voltage circuit.

Rectifier chargers such as VAZ-6 / 12-6 and ZRU 12 / 6-6 are used to charge 6 or 12 V lead-acid starter batteries of cars, motorcycles and scooters, as well as a source of direct current.

Unit VAZ-6 / 12-6 is a rectifier manufactured according to full wave circuit with smooth manual current regulation and automatic stabilization of the charging current when the supply voltage changes. The rectified voltage (and, accordingly, the value of the charging current) is adjusted by changing the moment (phase) of triggering the thyristors, which is set by the adjusting resistor. The device provides electronic protection in case of short circuit of the output terminals and in case of wrong (opposite polarity) connection of the battery.

The device can supply a constant load with a power of up to 80 W. For this purpose, the operating mode switch (switch B) is set to the «Active load» position. It should be noted that in this mode the protection of the electronic output is disabled and the short circuit protection is provided only by the fuse Pr.

Portable charger type ZRU 12 / 6-6 in addition to charging batteries, it allows you to conduct training and control charge-discharge cycles, connect an electric vulcanizer, portable lighting or a soldering iron for 6 or 12 V.The scheme of the device is simpler than that of the VAZ-6 /12 -6, it does not contain elements of automatic current stabilization and electronic protection.

Rice. 1. Portable charger type ZRU 12 / 6-6

The device can be made independently. Power transformers are produced on a steel core of type Sh-25. Dial thickness 45 mm, chokes — on a shaped core.

Rice. 2. Schematic diagram of the rectifier charger ZRU 12 / 6-6: D — diodes D242; R — regulating rheostat for 10A; A-ammeter M4203 for 10 A with a shunt ShS-75-10-0.5; F — noise reduction filter

When forming batteries, the voltage is regulated from 2 to 8 V by a special voltage regulator.

For charging and recharging stationary batteries of substations of all categories, as well as for the formation of separate batteries, charging and recharging rectifiers of the VAZ P type are used.

Rectifiers of the VUK series are used for buffer power supply of communication equipment and charging of storage batteries.