Organization of the operation of electrical installations in industrial enterprises

The operation of electrical installations of enterprises provides for the maintenance of the normal operation of the electrical equipment of electrical installations, including the elimination of emergency situations, maintenance and repair of electrical equipment of these electrical installations.

The main task of any enterprise is to ensure the safe operation of electrical installations, which is ensured by compliance with the applicable regulatory documents.

Electrical installations refers to a set of machines, apparatus, lines and auxiliary equipment (together with the structures and premises in which they are installed) intended for the production, transformation, transmission, storage, distribution of electrical energy and / or its conversion into another type of energy. The electrical installation is a complex of interconnected equipment and structures.

Example of electrical installations: electrical substation, power line, distribution substation, condenser, induction heater.

The organization for the safe operation of electrical installations in an enterprise is a very complex system, the operability of which is ensured by several services that are guided by different regulatory documents, depending on the type of enterprise.

Consider the main issues related to ensuring the safe operation of electrical installations in enterprises.

The repair of electrical equipment of electrical installations is carried out in accordance with the schedules for current and basic repairs of electrical equipment drawn up and approved by the management of the enterprise.

In every industrial enterprise there are persons responsible for the electrical equipment of the enterprise as a whole, as well as for individual sections. Consider, for example, the structure of an electric utility company.

This enterprise has several sections that organize operation of various electrical equipment wiring:

— substation service (SPS) — responsible for the operation of electrical equipment at substations;

— Operational Dispatch Service (ODS) — organizes the safe maintenance of substations by operational personnel;

— maintenance of power lines (SLEP) — ​​organizes work related to regular and emergency repairs of power lines that are under the jurisdiction of this power supply company;

— relay protection and automation service (SRZA) — performs operation of devices for relay protection, automation and secondary circuits of electrical equipment of substations of the enterprise;

— the electricity metering department considers issues related to the installation of metering devices, their verification and ensuring their operability;

— service for testing, isolation, diagnostics, surge protection (SIZP) — monitors the state of insulation of electrical equipment and surge protection devices in electrical installations, in particular tests electrical equipment of electrical installations.

In addition to the above services, the company has many other departments that regulate various issues, ranging from salaries, ending with work with the company's personnel.

If the number of serviced objects of the enterprise is large enough, they can be divided into several structural subdivisions. This, first of all, makes it possible to significantly simplify the organization of maintenance of the enterprise's electrical installations. In this case, each structural unit will include several substations, power lines, a laboratory, etc.

Requirements for the personnel who maintain the electrical installations of the enterprise

In accordance with the EEO, the personnel servicing the electrical installations of the enterprise must go through:

— timely medical examination;

— briefings on labor protection issues, fire safety and technology at work;

— emergency and fire prevention training;

— periodic testing of EEBI knowledge.

In addition, the employee must undergo training and verification of knowledge of the profession.

In accordance with the rules, an elegant system is provided to ensure the safe execution of work in electrical installations.That is, a work permit is issued to carry out repair work on the equipment. This document indicates the name of the electrical installation, the work performed, the composition of the team, the time of work, as well as the basic safety measures that must be applied to ensure the safe execution of the work.

In addition, work in electrical installations can be done to order or in the order of current work. General recommendations on what work is carried out according to the order, which by order and which in the order of current work are given in the EEO.

The management of the enterprise approves the relevant lists of works, in the compilation of which they are guided by local conditions, namely the work performed in a certain electrical installation of the enterprise.

Every enterprise has a service for labor protection and fire safety. Every employee who maintains electrical installations must study the health and safety instructions and pass a knowledge test in the relevant departments. In addition, the employee must be able to for first aid to the victim, use protective equipment and primary fire extinguishing agents.

When performing work in electrical installations, persons are appointed who are responsible for the safe performance of work. The execution of work with the help of special equipment (excavator, aerial platform, crane) is carried out according to the PPR — the work production project.

Repair of electrical equipment is made according to block diagrams, which indicate the name of the work provided by one or another type of maintenance, as well as the technical characteristics of the equipment, the compliance of which is checked at the end of the repair work of the equipment.