Operation of electrical equipment of elevators

The safe and trouble-free operation of the elevator depends to a large extent on its correct operation, on technically competent and systematic maintenance and repairs that guarantee the good condition of all mechanisms.

According to the «Rules for the construction and safe operation of elevators» PB 10-558-03, activities related to installation, maintenance, repair, modernization of elevators and systems for supervisory control over the operation of elevators are carried out by organizations specialized in carrying out the relevant work, having technical means and qualified specialists. Technical diagnostics and inspection of elevators, as well as dispatch control systems are carried out by expert organizations licensed for industrial safety expertise, issued by Gosgortechnadzor of Russia.

The technical supervision of the good condition of the elevators must be entrusted to an electromechanic, which can be assigned to persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination and have practical experience in the supervision of elevators (as an assistant electrician) at least less than six months, as well as persons with practical experience in the installation or repair of lifts for at least six months. The electromechanic must know the rules of the device, research and operation of elevators and safety rules, be able to use electrical measuring devices, determine the degree of wear of ropes and their suitability for further operation, depending on the wear.

Each electrician must be assigned certain elevators. The number of elevators assigned to each electrician should be determined based on the duration of periodic inspections and repairs, taking into account the type of elevator.

Elevators, conductors, elevator dispatchers, elevator walkers and electromechanics who carry out technical supervision of elevators must be trained according to the relevant program and certified by the qualification commission of the educational institution or the company that trained him. Those who pass the certification must receive a certificate. The qualification of electromechanics must be carried out with the participation of a technical supervision representative.

Inspection of elevators should be performed monthly and periodically in accordance with the schedule for prevention and inspections. Each shift can be assigned to elevators, conductors, elevator dispatcher, elevator or electrician.The person entrusted with the replacement of the elevator is obliged to check the operability of the lighting of the cabin, the shaft, the machine room and the platforms in front of the shaft doors, as well as the operation of the shaft door locks, door contacts, control systems and signalling, the accuracy of stopping the car according to floors. The results of the inspection must be recorded in a shift log.

Periodic inspection of the elevator must be carried out by an electrician performing technical supervision of elevators to the extent provided for in his job description and factory instructions, who made the elevator. The results of the inspection are recorded in the elevator periodic inspection log.

When servicing and supervising elevators, all safety requirements must be strictly observed. In particular, it is prohibited:

a) start the elevator from the floor area through the open mine and the cabin doors,

b) start the elevator by directly affecting the devices that are powered by the voltage of the electric motor,

c) prohibit safety and blocking elevator devices,

d) use portable lamps with voltage above 36 V,

e) connect an electric tool, lighting lamps to the elevator control circuit or other electrical devices, except measuring devices,

f) climbing while on the roof of the cabin, except for the case when the elevator is controlled using a device with a button mounted on the roof of the cabin with a speed of the latter no more than 0.36 m / s,

g) climb the mine without scaffolding and ladders, and also go down the ropes.

In the event of detection during the inspection of the elevator or during operation of a malfunction of safety devices, alarms or lighting, as well as other malfunctions that threaten the safe use of the elevators or their maintenance, the elevator must be stopped until the detected damages are repaired removed. eliminated and put back into service with the person's permission, the damage repaired.

Works performed during operation of electrical equipment elevators

In order to ensure the normal operation of the elevator, it is necessary to periodically (at least twice a month) carry out a detailed inspection of all its parts and check their operation. During these inspections, worn parts are identified and repaired or replaced. The inspection must be carried out by an electrician who monitors the lift together with an assistant. The inspection of the carrying ropes must be carried out by an electromechanic and the assistant, at his signal, turns on the elevator winch and moves the car using the floor relay, the car is stopped in these cases by turning off the main switch.

Before inspecting the elevator, the electrician must turn off the main switch in the machine room and place warning messages on the shaft doors.

During the inspection, the electrician must:

a) check the shaft fence, paying particular attention to the condition of the mesh fence near the door locks,

b) check the fastening of the guides using a template and the distance between them along their entire height, make sure that the cabin does not distort when driving, make sure that there is enough lubrication for car rails and counterweight,

c) check the operation of the mine door locks,

d) check the condition and operation of the winch, make sure there are no breaks and damage, unusual noise and vibration, excessive heating of bearings, motor housing and brake coils electromagnet, check the reliability of the key and locking fasteners, tightening bolt connections, presence and oil level in the gearbox sump, absence of oil leaks, etc.,

e) check the operation of the brake and the degree of wear of the brake pads and, if necessary, replace the pads and adjust the travel of the pads,

f) check the fastening of all wires on the control panel, remove carbon deposits from the working surfaces of the contacts, make sure that the movable parts of the contactors and relays move easily, wipe the working surfaces of the wire and armature of contactors and relays with a cloth lightly impregnated clean engine oil,

g) check the action of the limit switch separately for the final upper and final lower positions of the cab,

h) check the blocking valves,

i) check the presence of grease in the speed limiter and its operation by transferring the rope to the small pulley,

j) check the operation of the cabin door contacts and the degree of accuracy of the cabin stops on the floor areas,

k) make sure that the degree of wear of the supporting ropes does not exceed the established norms, that the ropes do not have mechanical damage, if necessary, lubricate the ropes along their entire length,

m) check the operation of the starting equipment and floor elevator switches,

m) check the fixing of the wires in the engine room, in the shaft and on the car, make sure that the lighting system of the elevators and the light and sound alarm systems are in good working order.

The electrician is obliged to stop the operation of the elevator:

1) if the locks of the mine door are defective, the contacts of the movable floor of the cabin and blocking contacts,

2) if the braking device is defective,

3) if an unusual noise or knock occurs during the movement of the cabin, grinding,

4) if the cabin spontaneously lands interceptors,

5) if upon starting the car starts to move in the direction opposite to the given,

6) if the cab equipped with a control button does not stop on a given floor,

7) if the car does not stop automatically in extreme cases of working positions,

8) if the limit switch does not work,

9) if the bearings of the elevator mechanisms are too hot,

10) if there is a large oil leak from the gearbox sump or engine bearings,

11) if there is a loosening of the tension or breakage of the cabin ropes, counterweight or speed limiter,

12) if a curvature of the rails of the car is detected, or a counterweight exceeding the allowable according to the drawing for installation (installation),

13) if excessive heating of the insulation of electrical wires occurs, determined by the smell of burning,

14) if significant damage to the mine fence is found.

Before putting the elevator back into operation, the electromechanic must eliminate all noticed defects and malfunctions, informing the administration of the enterprise or institution about them and making the corresponding entries in the logbook.

The main causes of elevator damage and malfunction are:

a) insufficient and negligent technical supervision and untimely troubleshooting of the mechanical part of the elevator and its electrical equipment,

b) careless maintenance of the elevator and poor maintenance of the mechanisms (especially for the mechanisms of the mine doors and for the locking devices).

The basis for the trouble-free operation of the elevator must be a system for proper care and monitoring of its condition, a system for preventing malfunctions.

During periodic inspections of the elevator, it is necessary to clean all the contact surfaces of the elevator electrical equipment from carbon deposits and dirt in a timely manner, check and promptly clean the brushes, slip rings or the collector of the electric motor with a personal file or glass paper, replace the contacts when wear out.

Timely lubrication of its mechanisms, guides and ropes, periodic verification of the reliability of their work, systematic performance of adjustment works and timely replacement of worn parts are very important for the normal operation of the elevator. A prerequisite for reliable and safe operation of the elevator is strict compliance with the instructions and operating rules.