Electrical works in the kitchen

Whether you like it or not, if it becomes a serious home improvement, then — among other things — you will have to completely change the entire electrical wiring. The fact is that earlier wiring was done mainly with aluminum wire, which over time ages and loses its properties. Life aluminum wires in residential buildings — 30 years for hidden, 20 years for open. According to experts, during this period, vinyl insulation becomes brittle, as a result of wire friction, cases of incomplete short circuits and, as a result, fires.

Another cause of fires is a place with bad will to contact heats up, sparks, oxidizes even more, heats up even more, which will eventually lead to a fire again. Copper wire, of course, is of better quality, but it is prone to oxidation in the joints, and if the contact is broken, it heats up and burns.

Let's also remember that in previous years the wires were connected twisting, but twisting both aluminum and copper wires over time oxidize, the connection loosens, which leads to its growth resistance, overheating and sparks. This can also be a reason to exit. network failure and fire.

It is important that earlier in the houses there were no air conditioners, microwave ovens, a whole range of household electrical appliances and audio and video equipment. Accordingly, there were no problems with electricity… Now, if it doesn't immediately knock out the plugs, the worn wiring is exposed to excessive loads. Like this one, not sad, but again one step towards trouble. There is only one way out: the wiring must be changed, and not postpone this event "until the next repair".

In addition, now you can buy wires without any problems, meeting the modern requirements for household electrical networks: PBPP-3 cross section 2.5 mm2 and a third wire-earthing with a cross section 1.5 mm2, VVG with an additional insulating sheath (convenient to use both indoors and outdoors), ADPT is a four-core flat wire that is closed steel cable for its suspension, as well as a whole series of copper single-core used solid and multi-core PV wires with a cross section of 1.5 to 10 mm2 for wiring, in electrical panels and others.

For practical reasons, the wiring should be done with copper wire (cross-section 1.5 mm2 — for lighting; for electrical contacts — 2.5 mm2). At sufficiently high currents, the cross-section of the wire is selected according to the connected power. It is generally assumed that a 1 kW load requires 1.57 mm2 of wire cross-section.Therefore, the following are the approximate values ​​of the cross-sections of the wires, which must be observed when choosing its diameter. For aluminum wires it is 5 A per 1 mm2, for copper — 8 A per 1 mm2. Simply put, if you have a flowing boiler for 5 kW, then it must be connected to a wire rated at least 25 A, and for a copper wire, the cross section must be at least 3.2 mm2.

For the kitchen, it is better to make a completely separate wiring (that is, take it to a separate machine) with a wire with a section of 4 mm2 (and if you have an electric stove, you need to take a wire of 6 mm2.

Most often, two separate outlets are arranged in the kitchen (under the TV and refrigerator), as well as a block of outlets for kitchen appliances (coffee grinder, microwave, etc.). A switch is also installed. You must remember that the switch must break the phase wire — this ensures that both contacts of the lamp holder are de-energized when the off state is.

You can determine the phase conductor using a phase detector or probe, as it is also called. It is a hollow screwdriver inside that contains a neon light. When you touch the tip of a screwdriver to the bare wire, a neon light glows. If the bulb does not light up when touching the wire — the wire is zero. A very important issue is grounding equipment — devices for electrical connection to the ground equipment and devices designed to protect against dangerous actions electric current.

It is necessary that the protected area has a defined grounding that does not go beyond the boundaries of this room. The ground circuit must be closed, that is, cover the entire room.All electrical appliances must be closed to a common ground loop. Keep in mind that as an outline, grounding, heating elements, metal building structures should not be used.

To provide protection against electric shock when touching a faulty device in developed countries, a special RCD is used. It is designed to track the leakage current from a circuit (the one that will create the current flowing through the human body) and, accordingly, interrupt the voltage. In other words, it is recommended that RCDs be used with overload or short-circuit currents in conjunction with circuit breakers or fuses that protect them from thermal or dynamic overloads. Sometimes called a leakage block or, completely, block the leakage current. For the home, the tripping RCD type is more suitable with a leakage current of 10 tA or 30 tA.

When installing new electrical wiring, don't do it the old-fashioned way with pliers and electrical tape. Use everything that manufacturers offer: connecting terminals for contacts and lamps, common, disconnect, indicator, diode, protective, mounting row, checkpoint, initiator and actor terminals, spring clamps, plastic connectors, distribution jacks (honeycomb ), multi-plug connection system, etc.

Using plastic anchor plates will save you the risk of nailing the noodle wire to the base. It is enough to glue the fasteners with the included BMK-5 glue to securely fix the wire on any base. The high peel strength of the adhesive allows straightening and fixing of wires.Covered with plaster, such fasteners will not appear later. in the form of rusty spots on the wallpaper.

If necessary, the wiring can be routed to cable ducts or pipes. So, to install the wiring of electrical cables and flexible insulating corrugated plastic pipe is used for wires. Elastic in length, very flexible, different in cross-section, the waterproof pipe is made of polypropylene, steel wire and meets fire safety requirements.

Household electrical engineering skirting board PE-75, made of fire-resistant plastic in three colors and complete with adapter boxes, external and internal corners and compensators.

Attention! Wiring done incorrectly is a danger not only to electrical appliances, but also to the life and health of you and your loved ones. All electrical work must be carried out by a highly qualified technician.

The wiring must be laid in accordance with the developed plan. At the heart of this document, which will surely make your life easier in the future, there should be two principles: Electrical safety and ease of use.

At the stage of drawing up the circuit diagram, it is necessary to select the type of contacts and switches, so that it is exactly for this type of cable accessories, select the appropriate contact boxes. Currently, while on sale there are a significant number of different types of cable accessories, both domestic and foreign production (for example, "ABB", "Vimar", etc.)